Less Than or Equal To Symbol (≤)

The ≤ you reach for when a value can be smaller than another value or exactly equal to it — Alt+243 on Windows, \leq in LaTeX, and ≤ in HTML. Click to copy it instantly.

Click to copy · U+2264

At a Glance
PropertyValue
Character
Unicode code pointU+2264
Unicode nameLESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO
Unicode blockMathematical Operators
CategoryMath symbol
Mirror form≥ Greater-Than or Equal To (U+2265)

The less-than-or-equal-to symbol (≤, U+2264) combines the less-than sign with a horizontal bar underneath, showing that a value can be smaller than another value or exactly equal to it — the relation behind everything from simple inequalities to the closed intervals of calculus. Unlike the strict < and > signs, which English mathematician Thomas Harriot introduced in 1631, the combined ≤/≥ pair is a later refinement: French mathematician Pierre Bouguer is generally credited with introducing it in 1734, in his essay on the gradation of light. ASCII never allocated ≤ its own slot, which is why almost every programming language falls back on the two-character <= instead of the single Unicode glyph.

History

Where the Less-Than-or-Equal-To Symbol Comes From

The strict inequality signs < and > are much older than their "or equal to" cousins. English mathematician Thomas Harriot introduced them in his posthumously published Artis Analyticae Praxis (1631), but Harriot's symbols only expressed strict inequality — they said nothing about the possibility of equality.

The combined ≤/≥ forms arrived over a century later. French mathematician and hydrographer Pierre Bouguer is generally credited with introducing them in 1734, in his essay on the gradation of light (Essai d'optique sur la gradation de la lumière) — placing a horizontal bar beneath the angle brackets to fuse "less than" (or "greater than") with "equals" into a single glyph. A January 1734 letter from Christian Goldbach to Leonhard Euler independently corroborates that Bouguer's notation was the one that caught on and spread among other mathematicians. Unicode later encoded that same design in the Mathematical Operators block as U+2264 LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO, alongside its mirror image U+2265 GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO.

Less Than or Equal To

Less Than or Equal To, in Math and Code

The math symbol, and the two-character stand-in most programming languages use instead since ≤ itself was never part of ASCII.

Less-Than or Equal To (Math)
Less Than or Equal To (Code — C, Python, JavaScript, Java, SQL)
Confusable Neighbors

Symbols Often Mistaken for ≤

These all mean roughly the same thing but are distinct Unicode characters from different typesetting traditions.

Less-Than Over Equal To (U+2266)
Less-Than or Slanted Equal To (U+2A7D) — the ISO 31-11 preferred form
Less-Than or Equivalent To (U+2272)
Much Less Than (U+226A) — a different relation, not a variant of ≤
How to Type It

Alt Codes, LaTeX & Markup

MethodInput
Windows Alt codeAlt+243 on the numeric keypad
MacNo dedicated shortcut — use the Character Viewer (Control+Command+Space) and search "less than or equal"
HTML entity&le; or &#8804;
CSS contentcontent: "\2264"
LaTeX\leq or \le
Code / programming<= (two-character ASCII stand-in)

Need more math symbols?

≤ is one of dozens of operators, Greek letters, and set-theory symbols in the full math symbols library.

Browse Math Symbols →
Related Resources

Math Symbols

Operators, set notation, and mathematical constants in one browsable reference.

Not Equal Sign (≠)

Used by Euler, left out of ASCII, and why code uses != instead.

Less Than & Greater Than

The strict comparison symbols ≤ and ≥ are built from, and why they can break HTML.

FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

≤ means "less than or equal to" — the value on the left is smaller than, or exactly the same as, the value on the right. For example, x ≤ 5 allows x to be 5 or any number below it, unlike the strict x < 5, which excludes 5.

On Windows, hold Alt and type 243 on the numeric keypad (Alt+243). On Mac, there's no dedicated shortcut — use the Character Viewer (Control+Command+Space) and search "less than or equal." In LaTeX, use \leq or \le. In HTML, use the entity &le; or &#8804;.

ASCII, the character set most early programming languages were built around, never allocated a slot for ≤ — only the plain < and > keys existed. Languages adopted the two-character <= as a practical workaround, and it stuck even after Unicode made the single ≤ glyph universally available.

All three mean "less than or equal to," but they're different Unicode characters from different traditions: ≤ (U+2264) is the everyday version used almost everywhere; ≦ (U+2266) stacks the equals sign in a double-line form seen in some older or East Asian texts; ⩽ (U+2A7D) uses a single slanted bar and is the form preferred by the ISO 31-11 mathematical standard. They render similarly in casual use but are not the same codepoint.